Because the burning of coal produced a lot of smoke and darkened the skies this area was also called Black Country. Most of it came from the Midlands, around Sheffield, Birmingham and Coventry. Miners digged deeper into the earth to find as much coal as they could and in the 19 th century England became the world’s largest coal producing country. They used coke, which was purer than coal and burned hotter, to melt the ore.Īs a result, the iron production increased and by the early 1800s enough iron was produced to make the goods that people needed, like machine frames, water pipes, rails etc.Įngland’s coal mines boomed during the Industrial Revolution. At the beginning of the 18 th century iron makers found a way to extract pure iron out of iron ore. Coal was needed to make steam engines run and to produce iron. The Industrial Revolution could not have developed without coal and iron. It was able to run factory machines and was powered by coal, which was Great Britain’s primary raw material. In the 1760s the Scottish engineer James Watt invented the steam engine. ![]() ![]() Up to the 18 th century England got most of its energy from waterwheels that were run by the flow of rivers. New machines that were introduced during the Industrial Revolution needed more and more power to work. The first spinning machine came up in the early 18th century and by 1780 spinning was done mostly in new factories where workers gathered. ![]() In the 1700s people began buying more and more goods, so textile traders began to look for faster and cheaper ways of producing clothes. Cotton was spun to thread or yarn on a spinning wheel. New machines were invented and a large part of the population moved from the countryside to urban areas.īefore the Industrial Revolution people worked at home on farms or in small workshops. This era changed the way people worked and lived. The Industrial Revolution began in England in the middle of the 18th century and spread to the rest of Europe and the United States in the early 19 th century.
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